Introduction:
Health
communication includes the nursing of public, their safety, health care,
universal health and a group’s development. Health communication involves
practices, policies, strategies, programs, researches and techniques in order
to impart knowledge and develop people and their community planning and
thoughts that intensify proper health. Health communication provides
understanding to individuals and makes them aware about health problems,
affects behaviors and perspective towards these problems, supports health
services and brings new policies and strategies regarding these issues. The
agreement in the general health of public and health communication helps to
increase the identification of culture as it is an important aspect related to
health and their issues or behaviors. The priority given to culture helps the
national health intentions that remove the imbalances between different
population subgroups that affect their health. Culture helps a particular group
to tailor their health and health Australia's communication law assignment help policies and strategies in
order to meet their wants and demands. Audience segmentation which can be done
on the basis of demography, behavioral or geographic has also been accepted as
a good practice in health communication after doing several researches. Health
based decisions, policies, behaviors and programs are indirectly or indirectly
important for cultural characteristics.
Critical Review of journals:
1. Anderson,
L. (2003). "Culturally Competent Healthcare Systems-A Systematic
Review", American Journal of
Preventive Medicine.
In
this article the author has informed us about the different types of health
care systems used by people. The Cultural healthcare systems give rhetorical
and cultural favours and facilities. These facilities have the capacity to
lessen the ethnological and race related health issues among the people. There
are times when clients are not being able to understand the donors’ language or
what they want to convey or their can be some cultural imbalances. At this time
the quality of the heath and health safety strike a balance. Five policies were
enquired in order to enhance the cultural capabilities of the heath care and
safety systems- policies to select and keep staff people who displayed the
cultural differences, uses of translator facilities for customers with English
abilities, cultural capability training and practices to the enhance health,
uses of proper healthcare matters, and cultural settings and planning. But no
proper regulation, direction and execution for appropriate potency were made
out of these interventions. As there were not enough examinations and
researches made for them or these studies did not bring out the actual result.
Therefore proper study of customer retention, bringing out proper strategies,
reducing racial and ethnological diversities is needed.
2. Mishra,
A. (2003). “Physician cultural competence - Cross-cultural communication
improves care”, Cleveland Clinic Journal
Of Medicine.
In
this Article the author informs us about the cross-culture communication
between people and doctors that helps build client-doctor relationship,
understanding and bringing out solutions for the patients problems. Interpreters, friends and family can be used
to discuss and provide information in need. Authority, gender and family are
such culture issues which may cause problem in the cross culture capabilities.
Doctors should find out the ways how a patient conveys their message of illness
both verbally and non-verbally. For
several treatments the family plays a vital role in order to discuss and plan
them. Training policies should look after more about the cultural abilities of
health care and safety. Communication barriers and miscommunication between the
client and the doctor leads to many issues which may make the client leave the
place without understanding what is told to him or her. Therefore these cultural issues should be
seen and understood to bring proper management.
Culture and doctor-patient relationship is very important to understand
and help the patients by understanding their problems. Therefore confirmation
from the patient about the same point is needed to lessen the cultural barrier
between the doctor and the patient. It is quite difficult to know if the
miscommunication could dissolve if the doctor and patient had the same race and
culture. But if they are of the same
type then problems are lessened.
3. Welch,
SA. (2006). “Understanding Clinical
Culture – Organizational communication in the clinical practicum “, The Internet Journal of Allied Health
Science and Practices.
In
this Article the author tells that the health educators and imparters have
dedicated a quantity of awareness to enhance and increase the communication the
clinical settings. Assignment Help Organizational communication which is one of the factors of
communication acquires a little space in the researchers and analyzers.
Clinical exercises depend more on the organizational arrangements in order to
make the harmonization of care possible.
The clinical educators help students to understand the clinical setting
of an organization by making them aware of the basic ideas of organizational
communications. This can be done via several questions and discussions about
the organization and its settings. This may help the students to make their
concept s clear. Therefore in the conclusion the author tells that attracting
and grabbing an individual’s attention towards a health care organization is a
concern through palliated profession. Poor organization and overwork may make a
person dissatisfied, changing and understanding a company’s communication can
help to understand the cultures of the organization. This may allow the
educators and the students to build a good and healthy organization as they
take several duties and responsibilities.
4. Sharon,
M. (2003). “A Review of language and other communication barriers in health
care”.
Here
the author tells that culture, miscommunication, languages creates a lot of the
barriers in health care. It reduces the quality of health communication and
brings barriers. If there is good
communication between the patient and the doctor it will help them to be in a
good relation and help in proper health care. This article shows the barriers
in health care, languages, and culture and patient doctor conversations. When
doctors and the patient speak different languages it makes a lot of difficulty
for both of them to discuss the issue faced. There is a substantial literature
portraying the part of language, culture and other barriers affecting the
doctor patient communication. The present gaps should be filled to remove the
issues. Researches are being made as to
bring about policies to reduce the gaps and the barriers affecting health care.
This would improve the relation, build good health care and reduce the issues
faced by both the doctor and the patients. Researchers should be much careful
about considering the ethnological and cultural difference with and
racial/ethnic concordance between physician and the patient.
5. Quynh,
L. (2006). “Cultural meaning in health communication “, The Australian and New Zealand Adolescent Health Conference.
The
issues of health are mainly implanted in cultural factors. The communication
about health should see to these issues and problems. Few words and their actual meanings are not
given properly in dictionaries. Words such as hygiene, disease, mental,
drinking, pollution can easily form miscommunication in the multicultural
aspect. Communication barriers and issues always do not occur at word
levels. To improve the health care it is
very important to understand the part that culture performs. When members of
the family and friends have different cultures communication of health should
be considered. Cultural meanings are not up to the mark in the dictionaries.
Few words can always provide miscommunications and problems. People are cultural based and therefore their
beliefs and attitude towards health care have effect on the cultural aspects.
This article has informed about several factors of communication like
intercultural, interpersonal on the basis of the health care. In this society
where there are people of different culture may recognize various health
concepts which may head toward various issues, barriers, mistrust,
miscommunication and low health care. Intercultural recognition should be given
more attention and value to make it sure that the migrants are not removed from
taking parts in health care.
6. Lehman, D. “Diversity &
Cultural Competency in Health Care Settings “, Mather life always.
Here
the author informs us about the knowledge of culture customs that helps to
promote health and remove barriers like misunderstandings. Cultural competency
is at the centre of quality, client care, and it is seen how these care are
imparted and received. A health care
educator who has attained a lot of culture about health and safety, helps,
supports, checks and controls activities that makes the individuals, groups,
institutions and their beliefs and attitude to give proper care and good
quality work. These changes the
attitudes and make them responsible which makes them work effectively and
efficiently. The clinic educators and
researchers narrates that the capabilities of cultural aspects is in its first
stages and that this culture can bring success in the long run and have good results
as well. Ideas of sufferings, health, illness has different meaning for
different set of people so it is very important to have a good knowledge about
culture and health care related ideas. Different people have different
preferences, values, cultures and attitude therefore these should be studied in
order to proceed well. It is a duty of
an organization to look into these matters and come out it proper acts and
process to promote good health care and safety.
7. Laura, L. (2002). "
Communication, Collaboration, and Teamwork among Health Care
professionals".
Health
communication is a very important factor to be researched as people interacts
with educators or physicians, get messages from media or suffers from serious
illness. These researches were started by doctors because few patients did not
colaborated with them which made the doctors frustrated and unsuccessful. So
the doctors took help of medical science and sociology and started bringing out
policies and strategies which would make the patients obey and listen to the
doctors. The most researched topic about the heath care factors is the patient
and doctors relationshipo and communication. Researchers mainly looks into
three types of informations. The physician and patient communication, health
information and social support are mainly seen for the betterment of health
care. Health communication research has been continued by the researchers in
many fields like medicine, psychology and communication. Groups, team work and
collaborative researches have always helped in studying these care related
issues. Team work, collaboration and proper communication is needed in any
organisation to treat the patient the correct way or there may be failure in
the process.
8. Lowell, A. (`1998).
"Communication and Cultural Knowledge in Aboriginal Health Care", Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal
and Tropical Health.
A
very important barrier comes from the problems and issues between the aborignal
clients and non-aborginal staffs. These barriers are mainly because of the
ethic and cultural diversities. At any health facility planning and evaluation
of such facility there can be a major problem which occurs from
miscommunication. An attempt to gather all the cultural and other needs of the
aborginal clients are less. The area of health care has been given a lot of
importance these days. The aborginal health care affects the health results
which includes the conversation between a doctor and a patient which diversely
depends upon the communication they make and the understanding they have, the
contact of the non-aborginal and aboriginal people in transfering medical and
socio-cultural issues, interaction of the facilty maker and user and also
between the researchers and decision makers in making different policies and
strategies. Many policies and researches have been made in order to lessen the
miscommunication which takes place between people. But none of these strategies
are appropriate for the aboriginal people. Examination of other areas of the
aborginal issues are also been performed based on the interchange of health
ideas and knowledges. Few aborginal patients were not satisfied with their
treatments, few were not aware about
their treatment. These can simply occur through miscommunication, therefore
more concern should be given to this portion of health care in order to provide
proper treatment.
9.
Kreuter, M. (2004). "The role of culture in health
communication".
The
author of the Article has discussed about the knowledge of culture it imparts
and helps to promote health communication. There are different kinds of people
staying who has different kinds of culture, attitude and style. The Article
says how culture effects the segmentation of people and how it influence heath
communication. Communication affects source, information and channel aspects.
Health communication helps to improve the part of cultural factors related to
health and behaviours. This helps to rmove the issues and problems prevailing
in different set of sub groups of population on a wide range of health based
policies. By understanding different set of people their health and health
communication policies, it can be help in meeting the demand and wants of the
people. In this Article main emphasis is on culture that is being applied on
several groups of people in order to promote health communication. Different
people have different kind of ciulture and attitude therefore it is compulsory
to bring out policies which would be perfect to be applied on specific type of
people. Performance planning decisions in carrying out communication include
selecting proper sources, message, strategies in order to deliver communicatio.
Different people have different preferences, values, cultures and attitude
therefore these should be studied in order to proceed well.
10. Hester, E. (2009). "An Investigation
of the Relationship Between Health Literacy and Social Communication Skills in
Older Adults". Communication Disorders Quarterly 30 (2): 112–119.
As
per this journal, the most important challenge in health communication is gap
between a community or groups awareness about health and the strategies of
health communication. The aim of health communication is to increase awareness
about different health hazards, practices, diseases, etc. But, the
communication strategies often involve complicated medical jargon, which make
no sense to people. Thus, awareness remains low. The structure of messages can
become incomprehensible too. Another major issue is lack of adequate education.
Researches in America have revealed that the common people are often unable to
understand the messages of health communication due to the lack of adequate
education. The journal has pointed out that the health communication strategies
can include the comprehensive interventions and the messages which can protect
public health outcomes. The intended outcomes of the health communication can
be increasing the knowledge of the audiences and awareness of the health issue.
Secondly, proper health communication can help the health care providers to
understand a health issue and it can also demonstrate the health practices. It
also shows benefits of behavior change to the outcomes of the public health.
The health communication culture refers to the process in which the healthcare
professionals can understand the culture of the people and it helps the
healthcare professionals to take proper actions in order to provide appropriate
healthcare.
Conclusion:
The
paper concludes that health communication is a concept for which there is no
convergent definition. Health communication can be understood narrowly on the
one hand, in which it means the health-promoting communication. On the other
hand it can be used to understand all aspects of communication that deals with
health and disease. Health communication is basically an important thing in the
field of theory, research, practice which studies and uses the communication
strategies, programs, methods and interventions as a mean to influence the
individuals and communities in order to make the decisions. This is a common
area of study in the larger communication discipline developed by the National
Communication Association. The effective and successful uses of the health
communication can use the multifaceted approach to best reach intended
audiences. This paper aims to analyze the importance of health communication by
reviewing ten journals on the area.
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